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		<item>
		<title>Network stack</title>
		<link>http://armornick.wordpress.com/2009/12/12/network-stack/</link>
		<comments>http://armornick.wordpress.com/2009/12/12/network-stack/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 12 Dec 2009 21:17:35 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Armor Nick</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://armornick.wordpress.com/?p=37</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Hoe werkt het internet? Ik heb wel al gesproken over de meest voorkomende poorten, maar hoe verbinden we nu werkelijk met die poorten? Wel, daar ga ik het nu over hebben. Note to english-speaker: Tant pis pour vous! Het internet is, simpel weergegeven, opgebouwd als een stapel van protocollen. Er zijn zeven lagen die op [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=armornick.wordpress.com&amp;blog=10729368&amp;post=37&amp;subd=armornick&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Hoe werkt het internet? Ik heb wel al gesproken over de meest voorkomende poorten, maar hoe verbinden we nu werkelijk met die poorten? Wel, daar ga ik het nu over hebben.</p>
<p>Note to english-speaker: Tant pis pour vous!</p>
<p><span id="more-37"></span>Het internet is, simpel weergegeven, opgebouwd als een stapel van protocollen. Er zijn zeven lagen die op elkaar volgen om zo alles in orde te houden. En zoals bij elke stapel beginnen we bovenaan, bij wat we kunnen zien.  Al deze lagen samen noemen we het OSI-model. Er zijn andere modellen, maar OSI is het meest gebruikt.</p>
<h2>(7) Application Layer</h2>
<p>De verbinding met een server begint bij de applicatielaag. Dit is niet de software zoals we die kennen, maar bevind zich achter de schermen. Deze laag communiceert met de software en geeft opdrachten aan de presentatielaag, die hieronder beschreven is. Voorbeelden van protocollen op deze laag zijn HTTP, FTP, DNS, enzovoort.</p>
<h2>(6) Presentation Layer</h2>
<p>De presentatielaag bepaalt het formaat dat moet worden toegepast om data uit te wisselen. Deze laag is in essentie een tolk die de data van de applicatielaag omvormd naar een soort data dat gemeenschappelijk erkend is door de gemeenschap. Op deze laag wordt ook de data gecompresseerd (gezipt, in simpele termen), geencrypteerd (bv, wachtwoordbeveiligd), en andere conversies.</p>
<h2>(5) Session Layer</h2>
<p>Deze laag zorgt voor een efficiënte communicatie tussen client en server. Het houd bijvoorbeeld bij welke gebruikers welke data heeft opgevraagd en het zorgt voor een correcte beeïndiging van verbinding tussen host en client.</p>
<h2>(4) Transport Layer</h2>
<p>Deze ingewikkeldere laag zorgt ervoor dat de data op de juiste manier bij wordt verstuurd en het protocol dat op deze laag wordt gebruikt bepaalt hoeveel er wordt gecontroleerd of alle data compleet is. De meest gebruikte protocollen op deze laag zijn TCP en UDP.</p>
<p><strong>UDP</strong>: Het User Datagram Protocol is een protocol dat veel gebruikt wordt voor audio en video. Dit protocol zorgt vooral voor een snelle transport van data, maar controleerd vrijwel niet of alles toegekomen is.</p>
<p><strong>TCP</strong>: Het Transmission Control Protocol houdt daarentegen zeer strict bij welke delen van een bestand correct toegekomen zijn en herverstuurd de delen die nog niet zijn toegekomen. Simpel voorgesteld zou dit kunnen worden voorgesteld als een nummeringsysteem. Elke pakket dat wordt doorgestuurd heeft een nummer, en TCP controleerd strict of alle nummers wel aanwezig zijn. Als dit niet zo is, vraagt het opnieuw de nummers die het nog niet heeft.</p>
<h2>(3) Network Layer</h2>
<p>De netwerklaag ligt tussen de transportlaag en de datalinklaag en zorgt voor een correcte vertaling tussen deze lagen. Het <strong>Internet Protocol</strong> is het belangrijkste protocol die in deze laag wordt gebruikt. Deze laag is eveneens verantwoordelijk voor, metaforisch gezien, het terugvinden van de weg van alle data. Er wordt dus met IP-adressen gecontroleerd naar waar de data moet worden gestuurd.</p>
<h2>(2) Data Link Layer</h2>
<p>Deze laag bevat de verbinding tussen netwerkkaarten. Let wel op dat we hier over de verbindingen praten, en niet over de fysieke hardware zelf. Een voorbeeld van protocol in deze laag is het Ethernet protocol.</p>
<h2>(1) Physical Layer</h2>
<p>Deze laag is tenslotte de fysieke verbinding tussen computers waaruit het internet bestaat.</p>
<h1>Protocol Stack</h1>
<p>Dit is een vereenvoudigde voorstelling van het OSI model. Hierbij worden de eerste drie lagen samengevat in één applicatielaag en blijft er dus het volgende over:</p>
<ul>
<li>Application Layer (de programma&#8217;s en processen die het netwerk gebruiken)</li>
<li>Transport Layer (zorgt voor het versturen van data van computer tot computer)</li>
<li>Internet Layer (behandelt de route dat de data moet afleggen)</li>
<li>Network Access Layer (defineert hoe de hardware met de software moet communiceren)</li>
</ul>
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			<media:title type="html">Armor Nick</media:title>
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		<item>
		<title>TCP Ports</title>
		<link>http://armornick.wordpress.com/2009/12/10/tcp-ports/</link>
		<comments>http://armornick.wordpress.com/2009/12/10/tcp-ports/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 10 Dec 2009 09:17:34 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Armor Nick</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[network]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[webdev]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://armornick.wordpress.com/?p=33</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Hypertext Transfer Protocol: port 80 Voor het aanvragen van webpagina&#8217;s van webservers (zoals apache). Geen veilig protocol; kan worden onderschept door derden. Een veilige versie van http staat op poort 443. Dit is HTTP over SSL en noemt dan https in de adresbalk. File Transfer Protocol: port 20 en 21 Wordt gebruikt voor het uploaden [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=armornick.wordpress.com&amp;blog=10729368&amp;post=33&amp;subd=armornick&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<h2>Hypertext Transfer Protocol: port 80</h2>
<p>Voor het aanvragen van webpagina&#8217;s van webservers (zoals apache). Geen veilig protocol; kan worden onderschept door derden. Een veilige versie van http staat op poort 443. Dit is HTTP over SSL en noemt dan https in de adresbalk.</p>
<h2>File Transfer Protocol: port 20 en 21</h2>
<p>Wordt gebruikt voor het uploaden van bestanden op een server. Het protocol gebruikt twee poorten; 21 om een ftp-sessie aan te vragen en 20 om bestanden te versturen. Vroeger moest de <strong>ftp</strong> commando gebruikt worden in de commandline om een sessie te starten, maar tegenwoordig bestaan er grafische ftp-clients en is er zelfs een primitieve client in de webbrowser ingebouwd.</p>
<h2>Email protocols</h2>
<p>Email is een van de bekendste en meest gebruikte services op het internet. Het wordt (rarara?) gebruikt om berichten via het internet te versturen.</p>
<h3>Simple Mail Transfer Protocol: port 25</h3>
<p>Dit wordt gebruikt om mail te versturen naar een mail server, die dan het adres controleert om te kijken of het naar hem gestuurd is of naar een andere server.</p>
<h3>Post Office Protocol (POP3): port 110</h3>
<p>Een mail server die dit protocol ondersteunt slaagt zijn mails op op de server. Als iemand dan een POP3 request stuurt, worden de mails naar de client gestuurd. Standaard worden de mails hierna van de server gewist.</p>
<h3>Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP4): port 143</h3>
<p>Een mailserver met dit protocol ontvangt en verzend ook mails, maar de mails blijven op de server tot ze door de gebruiker zelf worden verwijderd.</p>
<h2>Andere poorten</h2>
<p>Poorten hebben een nummer tussen 1 en 65 535. Het is dus een nummer van 2 bytes (een short). De nummers die gebruikt worden, worden beheerd door de organisatie ICANN (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers).</p>
<p>De bekendste poorten vallen tussen 1 en 1023. Poorten 1024 tot 49151 zijn poorten die door bepaalde applicaties kunnen worden geregistreerd, zoals Instant Messaging (MSN) of games. De overige poorten (49152 tot 65535) zijn gekend als source ports en kunnen door elke applicatie gebruikt worden.</p>
<h3>Meest-gebruikte poorten</h3>
<ul>
<li>20: FTP Data</li>
<li>21: FTP Control</li>
<li>23: Telnet</li>
<li>25: SMTP</li>
<li>53: DNS</li>
<li>67: DHCP v4 Client</li>
<li>68: DHCP v4 Server</li>
<li>69: TFTP</li>
<li>80: HTTP</li>
<li>110: POP3</li>
<li>137: NBNS</li>
<li>143: IMAP4</li>
<li>161: SNMP</li>
<li>443: HTTPS</li>
</ul>
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			<media:title type="html">Armor Nick</media:title>
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		<title>Archlinux hard drive unloading</title>
		<link>http://armornick.wordpress.com/2009/12/06/archlinux-hard-drive-unloading/</link>
		<comments>http://armornick.wordpress.com/2009/12/06/archlinux-hard-drive-unloading/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 06 Dec 2009 14:17:46 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Armor Nick</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://armornick.wordpress.com/?p=31</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[I&#8217;ve tried arch linux and it is indeed one badass distribution of software. However, I want to remind myself and everyone here that the clicking didn&#8217;t stop when using laptop-mode-tools. It just doesn&#8217;t work. So, like any sane user, just follow the instructions on the laptop page of the wiki. If you don&#8217;t know what [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=armornick.wordpress.com&amp;blog=10729368&amp;post=31&amp;subd=armornick&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I&#8217;ve tried <a href="http://archlinux.org">arch linux</a> and it is indeed one badass distribution of software. However, I want to remind myself and everyone here that the clicking didn&#8217;t stop when using <a href="http://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Laptop_Mode_Tools">laptop-mode-tools</a>. It just doesn&#8217;t work. So, like any sane user, just follow the instructions on the <a href="http://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Laptop">laptop page</a> of <a href="http://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Main_Page">the wiki</a>.</p>
<p>If you don&#8217;t know what I&#8217;m talking about, I&#8217;ll explain: there&#8217;s a bug in some hard disks that makes them unload extremely many times because of agressive power saving defaults. This is not the fault of Linux since this problem has been reported with Vista SP1 as well. So, we just have to disable that using the hdparm command. For more information, check google or the pages above.</p>
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			<media:title type="html">Armor Nick</media:title>
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		<title>Windows batch scripting (part 1)</title>
		<link>http://armornick.wordpress.com/2009/12/04/windows-batch-scripting-part-1/</link>
		<comments>http://armornick.wordpress.com/2009/12/04/windows-batch-scripting-part-1/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 04 Dec 2009 07:09:12 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Armor Nick</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[cmd]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[hub]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[windows]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://armornick.wordpress.com/?p=23</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Sometimes, the GUI just isn&#8217;t enough. This is true in Windows as much as it is in Linux. Note that I will be using cmd.exe and not the new (and improved) PowerShell. PowerShell is a lot like Linux, so I&#8217;ll be talking about that when I learn how to use bash . Batch scripting can [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=armornick.wordpress.com&amp;blog=10729368&amp;post=23&amp;subd=armornick&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Sometimes, the GUI just isn&#8217;t enough. This is true in Windows as much as it is in Linux. Note that I will be using cmd.exe and not the new (and improved) PowerShell. PowerShell is a lot like Linux, so I&#8217;ll be talking about that when I learn how to use bash <img src='http://s1.wp.com/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_wink.gif' alt=';)' class='wp-smiley' />  .</p>
<p><span id="more-23"></span>Batch scripting can be very simple, very complex, or anything in between. For example, to simply show something on the screen it is sufficient to use the command echo. However, simply doing that won&#8217;t give you time to see your output. So, you have to put pause at the end. Like such:</p>
<blockquote><p>echo Good Morning<br />
pause</p></blockquote>
<p>Note that I didn&#8217;t use quotation marks with echo, since echo literally outputs everything after its command (with the exception of what comes later).</p>
<p>However, if you execute this, you&#8217;ll see that every command is shown, then executed. This isn&#8217;t what we want. To turn off the output of commands, we&#8217;ll use @echo off. Now, take a look at this next script;</p>
<blockquote><p>@echo off<br />
echo press any key to hack the system..<br />
pause<br />
cd C:\<br />
dir /s<br />
pause &gt;nul</p></blockquote>
<p>Cool, huh? <img src='http://s2.wp.com/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_smile.gif' alt=':)' class='wp-smiley' /> </p>
<p>Like I said earlier, the first line turns off the output of commands. The second line shows something to the screen. Then we wait until the user presses any key. After that, we learn something new. The cd command changes directories, thus goes to another folder on you pc. Then dir shows everything there, including the subdirectories (with the /s argument). Then the last line waits for a key, but shows nothing. Technically, we redirect pause to nul.</p>
<p>And there&#8217;s many other cool uses for redirecting. See, I don&#8217;t go to school to script jokes only <img src='http://s1.wp.com/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_wink.gif' alt=';)' class='wp-smiley' />  . I&#8217;m taking this course to become a system administrator. A cool use for redirecting something, for example to a text file, is to log which user logs on when. We&#8217;ll use the time and date command for this. However, we don&#8217;t know what the command to show date and time is. We have to find this out somehow.</p>
<p>Normally, I&#8217;d use the man command. But this isn&#8217;t linux, this is Windows. And so, to make everything more difficult, we use the /? argument instead of man. For example:</p>
<blockquote><p>time /?<br />
date /?</p></blockquote>
<p>As such, we find out that the /T argument shows the time and date with these commands. On a side-note, if anyone knows what the T stands for, please tell me in a comment. My teacher tells me Windows uses dutch (Toon = Show) for its command interpreter, but I doubt that <img src='http://s1.wp.com/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_wink.gif' alt=';)' class='wp-smiley' />  .</p>
<p>Alright, now we&#8217;ll put this to good use;</p>
<blockquote><p>time /T &gt;log.txt<br />
date /T &gt;log.txt<br />
echo &#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211; &gt;log.txt</p></blockquote>
<p>So now, the log.txt file always contains the date and time of the last login. However, how do we know which user was logged on? Well, we&#8217;ll use environmental variables for this. Like so:</p>
<blockquote><p>echo %username% &gt;log.txt<br />
time /T &gt;log.txt<br />
date /T &gt;log.txt<br />
echo &#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211; &gt;log.txt</p></blockquote>
<p>There, now the log.txt file always contains the username, time and date of the last user who logged on. Pretty cool, isn&#8217;t it? However, what if we want to store ALL the users who logged on? Well, we have to make a little change to the redirect command. As it is now, the commands write something to  a text file from beginning to end. We need something to write something to the end of the file.</p>
<blockquote><p>echo %username% &gt;&gt;log.txt<br />
time /T &gt;&gt;log.txt<br />
date /T &gt;&gt;log.txt<br />
echo &#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211; &gt;&gt;log.txt</p></blockquote>
<p>Easy, wasn&#8217;t it? Well, we accomplished what we wanted to accomplish this time. Hopefully, I&#8217;ll be able to post more of this. If not, it means I failed my exams! <img src='http://s0.wp.com/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_biggrin.gif' alt=':D' class='wp-smiley' /> </p>
<p>Until next time!<br />
Armor Nick out.</p>
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		<slash:comments>1</slash:comments>
	
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			<media:title type="html">Armor Nick</media:title>
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		<title>Broadcom wireless on Ubuntu Karmic</title>
		<link>http://armornick.wordpress.com/2009/11/29/broadcom-wireless-on-ubuntu-karmic/</link>
		<comments>http://armornick.wordpress.com/2009/11/29/broadcom-wireless-on-ubuntu-karmic/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 29 Nov 2009 21:14:26 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Armor Nick</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[linux]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://armornick.wordpress.com/?p=15</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[A quick reminder that you DO NOT install the Broadcom STA drivers via the Restricted Hardware menu. The previous times I did that resulted in a kernel panic. Instead, hook onto a wired network and manually install bcmwl-kernel-source via synaptic or apt-get.<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=armornick.wordpress.com&amp;blog=10729368&amp;post=15&amp;subd=armornick&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>A quick reminder that you DO NOT install the Broadcom STA drivers via the Restricted Hardware menu. The previous times I did that resulted in a kernel panic. Instead, hook onto a wired network and manually install bcmwl-kernel-source via synaptic or apt-get.</p>
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			<media:title type="html">Armor Nick</media:title>
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		<title>jQuery &amp; Flowplayer &#8212; A bundle of flash tools</title>
		<link>http://armornick.wordpress.com/2009/11/29/jquery-flowplayer-a-bundle-of-flash-tools/</link>
		<comments>http://armornick.wordpress.com/2009/11/29/jquery-flowplayer-a-bundle-of-flash-tools/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 29 Nov 2009 21:00:29 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Armor Nick</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[flash]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[javascript]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[webdev]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://armornick.wordpress.com/?p=13</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[For every web developer, there comes a time when they need something flashy and hard to code. These two GPL&#8217;ed libraries make things a little easier by adding tabs, expose, and an online video player. jQuery TOOLS is a single javascript library, weighing only 5.72 Kb, that gives the coder access to tabs, tooltips, overlays, [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=armornick.wordpress.com&amp;blog=10729368&amp;post=13&amp;subd=armornick&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>For every web developer, there comes a time when they need something flashy and hard to code. These two GPL&#8217;ed libraries make things a little easier by adding tabs, expose, and an online video player.</p>
<p><a title="jQuery TOOLS" href="http://flowplayer.org/tools/index.html" target="_blank">jQuery TOOLS</a> is a single javascript library, weighing only 5.72 Kb, that gives the coder access to tabs, tooltips, overlays, exposes, and scrollable menus. Though I never used it, the demos show that it is especially performant. The code is dual-licensed under the GPL and the MIT license, thus giving the coder the ultimate freedom to use it. There are also a lot of demo&#8217;s, the source of which is very handy to take a look at.</p>
<p><a title="Flowplayer flash player" href="http://flowplayer.org/index.html" target="_self">Flowplayer</a> on the other hand is an open source (GPLv3) video player for the web. It uses flash, which means it can be used on every big platform. It supports flv, mp4 and another codec I&#8217;m not familiar with. It&#8217;s highly customizable and it&#8217;s supposedly easy to create plugins for it. One of those plugins is a <a title="Flowplayer javascript playlist plugin" href="http://flowplayer.org/plugins/javascript/playlist.html" target="_blank">playlist plugin</a>, which shows the video&#8217;s on the playlist instead of playing them one-by-one.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
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			<media:title type="html">Armor Nick</media:title>
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		<title>Easy way to create symbolic links</title>
		<link>http://armornick.wordpress.com/2009/11/29/hello-world/</link>
		<comments>http://armornick.wordpress.com/2009/11/29/hello-world/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 29 Nov 2009 19:56:43 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Armor Nick</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[linux]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false"></guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Hold control + shift while dragging the folder to the location where you want the link. Only works in GNOME that I know of. Source: #ubuntu channel (irc)<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=armornick.wordpress.com&amp;blog=10729368&amp;post=1&amp;subd=armornick&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Hold control + shift while dragging the folder to the location where you want the link.</p>
<p>Only works in GNOME that I know of.</p>
<p>Source: #ubuntu channel (irc)</p>
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			<media:title type="html">Armor Nick</media:title>
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